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Comparison to other theories
(Dunn, 2018)
Theory
Preliminal
Liminal
Postliminal
Threshold concept Encounter with
troublesome
knowledge
Integration
Discarding
Ontological shift
Transformation
Irreversibility
Changed
discourse
Cognitive
constructivism
Assimilation Accommodation
Equilibration
Vygotsky
Learner
cannot do
Learner can do with
instruction (Zone of
proximal development)
Learner can do
unaided